neco 2024 animal husbandry free answers (obj & essay)
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NECO 2024 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANSWERS
`ANSWER FOUR(4) QUESTIONS ONLY“`
(1a)
Fertilization in farm animals refers to the process by which sperm fertilizes an egg, resulting in the conception of a new individual.
(1b)
(i) Prolactin: Stimulates milk production in lactating animals.
(ii) Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during parturition (birth) and milk letdown during lactation.
(iii) Relaxin: Relaxes the pelvic muscles and widens the pelvis to facilitate parturition.
(iv) Testosterone: Regulates male reproductive traits and secondary sex characteristics.
(1c)
(i) Food source: Snails are a protein-rich food source, consumed in many parts of the world.
(ii) Medicinal value: Snail slime has medicinal properties, used in skincare and wound healing.
(iii) Economic benefits: Snail farming can provide income and employment opportunities.
(iv) Environmental benefits: Snails help control pest populations and maintain ecosystem balance.
(2ai)
Piglet at birth:
-Colostrum management
-Farrowing management
(2aii)
Kitten after weaning:
-Vaccination and health management
-Nutrition and feeding management
(2b)
(i) Improved nutrition and feeding practices.
(ii) Enhanced cow comfort and welfare.
(iii) Regular health monitoring and disease prevention.
(2c)
(i) Traditional markets: Local markets where hides and skin are sold to traders and artisans.
(ii) Auctions: Organized sales where hides and skin are sold to the highest bidder.
(iii) Direct sales: Farmers selling hides and skin directly to tanneries or export companies.
(3a)
Diet in animal nutrition refers to the combination of foods and nutrients that an animal consumes to meet its nutritional needs for maintenance, growth, and production.
(3b)
(i) Energy source: Molasses provides a readily available energy source for microorganisms during fermentation, promoting a desirable acidic environment.
(ii) Palatability: Molasses adds sweetness, making the silage more appealing to animals, which can improve feed intake and digestion.
(3c)
(i) High yield: Produces a large quantity of forage to support animal production.
(ii) Nutritional quality: Provides a balanced mix of nutrients, including protein, energy, and minerals.
(iii) Persistence: Remains productive and healthy over time, withstanding grazing and environmental stresses.
(3d)
(i) Rotational grazing: Managing grazing periods and rest periods to prevent overgrazing and allow vegetation recovery.
(ii) Re-seeding and re-vegetation: Introducing new grass species and re-vegetating degraded areas to enhance pasture quality and productivity.
(iii) Brush control: Managing woody plants and brush to reduce competition and promote grass growth.
(4a)
In animal improvement, a gene is a fundamental unit of heredity located on chromosomes that contains the DNA sequence which encodes the information necessary for the synthesis of proteins and ultimately determines specific traits in an animal.
(4b)
Diagram
(4c)
(i) Low conception rate: Failure to achieve pregnancy despite successful insemination.
(ii) Semen quality issues: Poor semen quality or quantity can reduce fertility.
(iii) Inaccurate heat detection: Failure to detect the optimal breeding time, reducing conception chances.
(iv) Insemination technique errors: Improper insemination technique can lead to reduced fertility.
(v) Disease transmission: Risk of transmitting diseases or infections through semen or insemination equipment.
(5a)
(i) Vaccination: Administering vaccines to protect against specific diseases.
(ii) Biosecurity: Implementing measures to prevent disease introduction and spread, such as sanitation, disinfection, and isolation.
(iii) Nutrition and management: Providing a balanced diet, clean water, and proper housing to boost animal immunity and overall health.
(5b)
(i) Disease control: Isolating animals to prevent the spread of diseases to healthy animals.
(ii) Health status determination: Observing animals for signs of disease or infection before introducing them to a new herd or flock.
(5c)
(i) Anemia: Mite feeding can lead to blood loss and anemia.
(ii) Weight loss: Infested animals may lose weight due to discomfort and reduced feed intake.
(iii) Skin irritation: Mite bites can cause skin irritation, inflammation, and lesions.
(iv) Reduced productivity: Infested animals may experience reduced milk production, egg laying, or growth rates.
(v) Stress and discomfort: Mite infestation can cause significant stress and discomfort for the animals.
_____________👇previous Answers👇___________
1a.
- Cleaning the egg
- Candling the egg
- Storing the egg properly
b.
- As a source of protein
- As a food ingredient
- As a breeding stock
c. cardboard or plastic.
D.
- Hand milking
– Mechanical milking
E.
- Proper sanitation
- Gentle handling
- Proper storage
F.
- Cheese
- Butter
G.
- As a source of food
- As a source of leather
H.
- Docking
- Castration
I.
- To prevent injury
– To improve handling
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL
NUMBER ONE
(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Inspect egg shells for cracks or flaws
(ii) Clean and disinfect egg shells
(iii) Store eggs at proper temperature (13-15°C) and humidity (70-80%)
(iv) Turn eggs regularly to prevent adhesion to the shell
(v) Set eggs in incubator at appropriate angle and orientation
(vi) Check incubator temperature and humidity regularly
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Source of protein, energy, and essential nutrients
(ii) Ingredients in various culinary preparations
(iii) Production of vaccines and pharmaceuticals
(iv) Use in cosmetic and personal care products
(v) Educational tool in science and research
(vi) Income-generating agricultural product
(1c)
Egg cartons or trays made from cardboard, recycled paper, or plastic
(1d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Manual milking (by hand)
(ii) Mechanical milking using milking machines
(iii) Suckling by young animals
(iv) Milking devices using suction cups or vacuum
(v) Automated milking systems
(vi) Collection from stored milk in udder
(1e)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Clean and disinfect milking equipment and animal’s udder
(ii) Wash hands thoroughly before milking
(iii) Avoid excessive pulling or tugging on teats
(iv) Regularly test animals for mastitis or other infections
(v) Keep milking area clean and free from contaminants
(vi) Store milk in a cool and sanitized environment
(1f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Butter
(ii) Cheese
(iii) Yogurt
(iv) Cream
(v) Ice cream
(vi) Powdered milk
(1g)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Communication within the herd
(ii) Protection against flies and other insects
(iii) Balancing and steering during locomotion
(iv) Expression of emotions and social status
(v) Dispersing manure and urine
(vi) Cleaning the environment, eg, swishing away flies
(1h)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Surgical removal
(ii) Rubber ring placement
(iii) Heat cauterization
(iv) Liquid nitrogen application
(v) Hot iron branding
(vi) Chemical cauterization
(1i)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To prevent injury or damage to the tail
(ii) To improve hygiene and reduce manure contamination
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL
NUMBER TWO
(2a)
Pennisetum purpureum
(2b)
D – Forage
F – Concentrate
(2c)
Stem cuttings
(2d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Tall, erect plant
(ii) Stems are juicy and succulent
(iii) Leaves are long, broad, and pointed
(iv) Deep root system
(v) Leaf sheaths are tubular and overlap each other
(vi) Inflorescence is a large, cylindrical spike
(2e)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Lowers pH and inhibits harmful bacteria
(ii) Prevents butyric acid fermentation and bad odors
(iii) Enhances the fermentation process
(iv) Improves the stability and preservation of the silage
(v) Prevents spoilage and mold growth
(vi) Increases the nutritional value by making nutrients more bioavailable
(2f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Wooden trough
(ii) Metal trough
(iii) Plastic trough
(iv) Rubber trough
(v) Concrete trough
(vi) Ceramic trough
(2g)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Clean and disinfect regularly
(ii) Repair cracks or damage promptly
(iii) Monitor for corrosion or wear
(iv) Store in a clean and dry place when not in use
(v) Reposition regularly to prevent soil contamination
(vi) Ensure stability and prevent tipping over
(2h)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Provides a convenient and safe way to deliver feed
(ii) Allows for easy monitoring of feed intake
(iii) Reduces feed waste and contamination
(iv) Can be used for individual or group feeding
(v) Easy to clean and maintain
(vi) Can be customized to specific animal requirements
(2i)
Protein
(2j)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Building and Repairing Tissues
(ii) Enzyme Production m
(iii) Hormone Production
(iv) Maintaining Fluid Balance
(v) Supporting Immune Function
(vi) Energy Source
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL
NUMBER THREE
(3a)
[In a Tabular form]
-External features of G-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Flattened, leaf-like body
(ii) Small, oval, and reddish-brown
(iii) Length of 2-3 cm
(iv) Pointed anterior end
(v) Smooth body surface
(vi) Oral sucker present
-External features of H-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Long, segmented body
(ii) Pinkish or yellowish-white
(iii) Length can vary from a few centimeters to several meters
(iv) Head (scolex) with hooks or suckers for attachment
(v) Body consists of segments (proglottids)
(vi) Segments detach and contain eggs
(3b)
-G-
(i) Sheep
(ii) Snails
-H-
(i) dogs
(i) pigs
(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Liver damage leading to cirrhosis and fibrosis
(ii) Reduced feed intake and weight gain
(iii) Anemia and weakness
(iv) Jaundice
(v) Death in severe cases
(vi) Economic losses
(3d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Control snail populations
(ii) Avoid grazing animals on wet or marshy pastures
(iii) Use anthelmintics to treat infected animals
(iv) Isolate infected animals from healthy ones
(v) Practice rotational grazing
(vi) Provide clean water sources
(3e)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Weight loss
(ii) Diarrhea
(iii) Anemia
(iv) Rough coat
(v) Abdominal pain
(vi) Reduced appetite
(3f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Small intestine
(ii) Muscles
(iii) Liver
(iv) Nervous system
(v) Eye
(vi) Tongue
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